Behavior and development in offspring from interspecies embryo transfer: Theoretical issues

The use of embryo transfer for the reproduction of endangered animal species is being employed with increasing success in zoological parks. The technique has been used with a variety of species and usually involves the utilization of host mothers from closely related species. This research may lead to considerable latitude in the propagation of endangered wildlife. It presents, however, issues relevant to the behavioral and social development of host-mother-reared offspring. Of importance are questions which concern the formation of the host-mother-infant attachment bonds and species identity in the offspring. Additional problems may occur later in development and involve the introduction and behavioral integration of these host-mother-reared animals to social groups of their own biological species. These theoretical issues are reviewed and discussed. Further emphasis is devoted to the development of an integrative research protocol which would identify problems relevant to the offsprings' physiological, social and psychological growth.